The Decline Of Freedom (animal Essay example - 755 Words

The Decline of Freedom on Animal Farm nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The simple idea of a world with no humans was introduced to the animals by a pig named Old Major. This led to a revolution like no other. The animals of Animal Farm, a book by George Orwell, decide that there has to be something better for them than the life they are living. It is dominated by humans who treat the animals with little respect for all the things the animals do for them. After a great injustice is done to them a revolution takes place. The animals try to survive by themselves in a peaceful, democratic way, but one pig named Napoleon enjoys the taste of power and turns it into a dictatorship. Throughout the whole story, the animals rights, along with their†¦show more content†¦He also forces the animals to work longer then ever before with less rations. It is obvious that Napoleon does not care for the animals. He only cares about his well being and getting as much power as possible. This is evident when he starts doing business with the humans just to get more money. This goes against everything Animal Farm stood for when Old Major first thought of it. Napoleons ability to gain a lot of power in such a small time was also helped by the actual inhabitants of Animal Farm. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Boxer, who was the strongest animal on the farm, is a hard working, strong-hearted horse that only wants to help. He was discouraged by Napoleons take over, but he believed that Napoleon is always right; (p.70). His only goal in life was to satisfy his friends and leader on the farm by living by his motto I will work harder;(p.70). He worked harder than everyone else and it resulted in his lung bursting. Because he was not able to work anymore, Napoleon sold him to a man whose truck read Alfred Simmons, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone Meal. Kennels Supplied.;(P.123), just to get some spare cash to buy some whiskey. Boxers whole life was following orders of others and he never got to live his own life, which he was hoping to do when he retired. He wasnt very smart and therefore he believed whatever was told to him by Napoleon. Boxer believedShow MoreRelatedThe Conservation Of Wildlife Animals925 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Lost in the Wild†, Goodall tells us about her love for the animals, as well as her concern for their future. Through introduction, she discusses that many of the species had and would still be endangered or extinct due to the negligence of human beings. Goodall concerns, â€Å"Will a nature-loving child born seventy-five years from now long to see a live elephant as I longed to see a woolly mammoth?†. However, she also mentioned that â€Å"sometimes heroic efforts are being made to save and conserve threatenedRead MoreMoral Human Spiritual Values in Children1451 Words   |  6 Pagescoverage and analysis of distant parts of the globe.   In medicine, in the operating room, we are now transplanting a pulsating heart.   Sixties and Hippieism : On the other hand, there are a few   who would deny   degradation, deterioration   and the decline of our moral values.   Most psychologists and sociologists   believe that   since the sixties,   the beginning of hippieism, when a group of young people   started rejecting the conventional dress   and behavior   and using psychedelic drugs   we have experiencedRead MoreThe Black Plague1207 Words   |  5 Pagesone factor new believe as a result of the oldsters gained extra personal freedom, they began to question the Church with extra dignity. Corruption became so rampant that less people were inclined to follow the Church. 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As the Monks, Nuns, and Friars continued to disappear, the standards for their replacements lowered. This caused the monasteries to be run by less educated people, leading to a decline of vernacular. They knew the townspeople felt that the Church had let them down, because any blow suffered by the Church was also a direct blow to the human mind. As the Church weakened, the people’s hope declined. The commoners prayers wereRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment1379 Words   |  6 Pageshappening all over the place for many beloved animals yet not much is being done about it at all. Deforestation is a major issue for animals, forests are a huge source of oxygen for the wildlife surrounding them. â€Å"80% of the animals in the world live in or around forests†(National Geographic, Munita) there has been a huge increase for many species going into endangered, more people need to realize that this is happening and us humans need to keep our animals safe. 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When the bald eagle reached its low point in the 1960sRead MoreCritical Essay on â€Å"the Second Coming†1132 Words   |  5 Pagesdescription chaotic of environment has a direct relationship with the cultural and political interwar period.  The poem has three common themes: 1) the presentation of chaotic motion as the bustle of the World War I destruction left in its wake, 2) the animal metaphor as a sign of irrationality and 3) treatment of topological aspects as description of the destruction.  It is possible to construct an interpretation through historical analysis of the th ree aspects mentioned above.  This essay attempts to moveRead MoreThe Emergence Of Slavery And The Civil War1415 Words   |  6 Pagesin the south going forward. Slavery also impacted southern politics. People who were enslaved were denied the right to vote. Slaves had no voice, they had no say, and they had no opinion towards anything the government said. They don’t have the freedom of speech that we have today. Any words from their mouths literally just goes past the ears of their masters unnoticed. This unfair treatment of slaves lasted until the Civil War. The Democratic Party emerged with it’s head Thomas Jefferson in 1792Read MoreEssay on On the Genealogy of Morality1200 Words   |  5 Pageshad to suppress his â€Å"will to power,† his natural â€Å"instinct of freedom†(59). The governing community threatened its members with punishment for violation of its laws, its â€Å"morality of customs,† thereby creating a uniform and predictable man (36). With fear of punishment curtailing his behavior, man was no longer allowed the freedom to indulge his every instinct. He turned his aggressive focus inward, became ashamed of his natural animal instincts, judged himself as inherently evil, and developed a

The Importance Of Decision Making As Well As What, Who,...

Qualitative research Qualitative research is concerned with developing and applying mathematical, statistical and econometrics models to test hypotheses involving a natural phenomenon (Patton, 2005). The qualitative research approach is made up of many research methods. The goal is to examine the why and how of decision making as well as what, who, where, and when. Qualitative methods have basis in political sciences, social work, special education and education researchers History At the beginning of the 20th-century scientists rejected the theoretical idea that there exist an objective in the world which can be applied to collect data and be used to verify the data empirically which was referred to as positivism. The researchers opted†¦show more content†¦Interviews, focus groups, and observation are the methodologies used to collect data on sensitive issues in the society. Data collection in qualitative research is cost efficient. Despite the merits of this methods, there exist limitations that hinder the effectiveness of qualitative research methods. The findings of the research cannot be generalized to the whole study population. Unlike the quantitative methods where the findings are pervasive in qualitative methods, the results are only related to small groups of people. The data collected through this approach is difficult to analyze since there are no standard tools for interpreting such data. The data do not fit nearly in the standard categories which means it would take the time to analyze data. Data collection is time-consuming because of the open-ended questions formats where the respondents take time to respond to such questions. Soliciting for explanations also take time. Purpose The purpose of qualitative research is trying to understand some suspect of social life in the society. It seeks the why and how of decision making in human beings. Qualitative research designs What are some qualitative research methods? The three most common qualitative research designs, explained in detail in their respective modules, are in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus groups. Each of the methods is particularly suited for obtaining a particular type of data. †¢Participant observation isShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics Of The Field Of I / Psychology878 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the importance of ethics and ethical behaviors is not a new facet of my professional life, as I emerge into the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology the weight of ethical responsibility has heightened. According to Lefkowitz (2005), ethics are moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Hence, after reviewing the American Psychological Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2010) and the role ethics play in the field of I/O Psychology I thisRead MoreMorals, Values, And Ethics1092 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples that are similar in that it includes how decision are made either good or bad (Remley Herlihy, 2016). As a future, mental health professional, it is essential to have sound judgement when making decisions that will ultimately impact clients. We will review morals, ethics from my perspective. Influence Being raised to have strong faith, courage, honesty and integrity were some of the many values taught. Always make the right decisions and choices in any problem or circumstance. Our householdRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost: An Analysis811 Words   |  3 Pagesnarrator who is remembering a journey through the woods, and the person making this journey came into a position where two roads were diverging. So the challenge presented in the poem is, which road should the narrator take, and why? Frost claimed that his poem was a parody of a poem by his friend, poet Edward Thomas, but others have had very different explanations for The Road Not Taken. Thesis: The Road Not Taken is actually about choices we make in life and the importance of making good choicesRead MorePersonal Values Paper1522 Words   |  7 Pagesground rules and where and how they fit in with my decision making. The influences I received and who the players were which helped me shape my values. The criteria and the decision making factors and how I revised them. I will be speaking on the impact which values has played on my performance in the workplace and in what ways the impact has had on my personal and professional life in today’s society. I will also speak on what I decided to do for myself when making a decision on my career pertainingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants1715 Words   |  7 PagesHills Like White Elephants shows a seemingly simple discussion between Jig and an American man about the possibility of an operation. Yet, when the story is dissected it becomes apparent that they are discussing the possibility of an abortion. Nothing in t he short story is mentioned or said without signaling a greater or different meaning. Hemingway used the surroundings of the train station to impact the story and designed the characters to properly show two varying personalities. Even though thisRead MoreDecision Making : An Evaluation979 Words   |  4 PagesDecision-Making Generating potential solutions, evaluating the solutions, deciding, checking the decisions and communicating and implementing the decisions were the six areas covered during the quiz (Mind Tools, 2014). Decisions made at the strategic, routine, project/non-routine, or operational levels have different impacts (CSU-Global, 2014) and consequences if not managed properly. This paper will address each of the six areas evaluated, discuss the four levels that decisions are made and showRead MoreEducation Is A Way Of Knowledge Acquired, Skills Gained, And Habits Formed1266 Words   |  6 Pagescultivation of the mind and instilling values that enable an individual to know the difference between what is appropriate and inappropriate. It includes acquiring skills and knowledge in a specific field. Education refers to the process of learning through an institution such as school and self-taught learning or what is often termed life experience. (www.buzzle.com). It is quite easy to explain the importance of education in the environment and society at large. 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One of great importance is the presence of groupthink. Groupthink is described as conformity, as group cohesiveness overrides individual creativeness. This idea has attracted the interest of scholars, who still to thisRead MoreVital Strategic Management Processes1688 Words   |  7 PagesA strategic leader can utilize decision-making teams as a powerful asset in successfully coping with the environment. Such teams improve their decision making by using a process of consensus, a process useful when developing national security strategy, military strategy, or strategic planning in other public or private sectors. Knowing how to forge consensus for policy development and implementation is critical to successful manag ement and leadership. Being able to manage strategic consensus has

Image processing Essay Example For Students

Image processing Essay 1.1 IMAGEAn image is an ancient rarity that portrays visual recognition, for example a two-dimensional picture that has a comparative appearance to some subject for the most part a physical article or a man, consequently giving a delineation of it. An image is a cluster, or a network of square pixels (picture components) orchestrated in segments and lines. A picture is a two-dimensional capacity f(x, y), where x and y are the spatial (plane) organizes, and the adequacy of f at any pair of directions (x, y) is known as the power of the picture at that level. In the event that x, y and the abundancy estimations of f are limited and discrete amounts, we call the picture a computerized picture. A computerized picture is made out of a limited number of components called pixels, each of which has a specific area and worth.1.2 IMAGE PROCESSINGPicture handling is the investigation of any calculation that takes a picture as information and returns a picture as yield. Picture Processing is a strategy to improve crude pictures got from cameras/sensors set on satellites, space tests and flying machines or pictures taken in typical everyday life for different applications. Picture Processing is a method to improve crude pictures got from cameras/sensors set on satellites, space tests and flying machines or pictures taken in typical everyday life for different applications. Different procedures have been created in Image Processing amid the last four to five decades. A large portion of the methods are created for improving pictures got from unmanned rockets, space tests and military surveillance flights. Picture Processing frameworks are getting to be prevalent because of simple accessibility of effective work force PCs, substantial size memory gadgets, representation programming projects and so on.Picture Handling is utilized as a part of different applications, for example, Remote Detecting Restorative Imaging Non-dangerous Assessment Materials Material Science. MilitaryT he normal strides in picture preparing are picture filtering, putting away, improving and elucidation.There are two sorts of Picture handling. They are:1.2.1 ANALOG IMAGE PROCESSINGSimple Picture Handling alludes to the change of picture through electrical means. The most widely recognized illustration is the TV picture. The TV sign is a voltage level which differs in sufficiency to speak to splendor through the picture. By electrically shifting the sign, the showed picture appearance is adjusted. The splendor and complexity controls on a television set serve to conform the plentifulness and reference of the video signal, bringing about the lighting up, obscuring and adjustment of the shine scope of the showed picture.Analog input signal ANA Analog output signalFig. 1.1: Analog Image Processing1.2.2 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSINGFor this situation, advanced PCs are utilized to handle the picture. The picture will be changed over to advanced structure utilizing a scanner digitizer and afte r that procedure it. It is characterized as the subjecting numerical representations of items to a progression of operations keeping in mind the end goal to get a wanted result. It begins with one picture and delivers an altered rendition of the same. It is along these lines a procedure that takes a picture into another. The term computerized picture handling by and large alludes to preparing of a two-dimensional picture by an advanced PC. In a more extensive setting, it infers computerized preparing of any two-dimensional information. An advanced picture is a variety of genuine numbers spoke to by a limited number of bits. The guideline point of interest of Advanced Picture Preparing strategies is its adaptability, repeatability and the conservation of unique information accuracy.ANALOG INPUT ANALOG OUTPUTSIGNAL SIGNALFig. 1.2: Digital image processing1.3 IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUESThe different Picture Preparing methods are:A. Image representationB. Image preprocessingC. Image upgradeD. Image rebuildingE. Image investigationF. Image reproductionG. Image information pressureA) IMAGE REPRESENTATIONA picture characterized in this present reality is thought to be an element of two genuine variables, for instance, f(x, y) with f as the abundancy (e.g. shine) of the picture at the genuine direction posit ion (x, y).Fig. 1.3: Image representationThe 2D persistent picture f(x, y) is separated into N lines and M segments. The convergence of a line and a segment is called as pixel. The worth allocated to the number directions with m=0,1, 2,,M-1} and n=0,1,2,,N-1} is f. Actually, as a rule f(x, y) which we should seriously think about to be the physical sign that encroaches on the substance of a sensor. Regularly a picture record, for example, BMP, JPEG, TIFF and so on., has some header and picture data. A header for the most part incorporates points of interest like organization identifier (normally first data), determination, number of bits/pixel, pressure sort, and so on.-B) IMAGE PREPROCESSINGSCALINGThe topic of the strategy of amplification is to have a nearer see by amplifying or zooming the intrigued part in the symbolism. By decrease, we can convey the unmanageable size of information to a sensible cutoff. For resampling a picture Closest Neighborhood, Straight, or cubic convolu tion procedures are utilized.I.MAGNIFICATIONThis is typically done to enhance the size of presentation for visual understanding or here and there to coordinate the size of one picture to another. To amplify a picture by a variable of 2, every pixel of the first picture is supplanted by a piece of 22 pixels, all with the same brilliance esteem as the first pixel. Fig. 1.4: imagemagifictionII. REDUCTIONTo diminish an advanced picture to the first information, each mth line and mth segment of the first symbolism is chosen and showed. Another method for finishing the same is by taking the normal in m x m piece and showing this normal after legitimate adjusting of the resultant worth. Examining differences in national accounting rules EssayOrderOrder is the naming of a pixel or a gathering of pixels taking into account its dark worth. Arrangement is a standout amongst the regularly utilized strategies for data extraction. In Order, typically different elements are utilized for an arrangement of pixels i.e., numerous pictures of a specific item are required. In Remote Detecting zone, this system accept that the symbolism of a particular geographic region is gathered in numerous locales of the electromagnetic range and that the pictures are in great enlistment. The majority of the data extraction methods depend on investigation of the ghostly reflectance properties of such symbolism and utilize extraordinary calculations intended to perform different sorts of unearthly examination. The procedure of multispectral arrangement can be performed utilizing both of the two techniques: Directed or Unsupervised. In Regulated characterization, the personality and area of a portion of the area spread sorts, for example, urban, wetland, timberland and so on., are known as priori through a mix of field works and toposheets. The investigator endeavors to find particular destinations in the remotely detected information that speaks to homogeneous case of these area spread sorts. These ranges are usually alluded as Preparing Locales on the grounds that the ghostly attributes of these known zones are utilized to prepare the characterization calculation for consequent area spread mapping of indication of the picture. Multivariate factual parameters are figured for every preparation site. Each pixel both inside and outside these preparation locales is then assessed and allocated to a class of which it has the most astounding probability of being a part. Fig. 1.10: Picture groupingIn an Unsupervised grouping, the personalities of area spread sorts must be indicated as classes inside a scene are not by and large known as priori in light of the fact that ground truth is missing or surface components inside the scene are not all around characterized. The PC is required to gathering pixel information into various ghastly classes as per some measurably decided criteria. The correlation in therapeutic territory is the naming of cells taking into account their shape, size, shading and composition, which go about as components. This strategy is additionally helpful for X-ray pictures. F) Picture ReclamationPicture reclamation alludes to expulsion or minimization of debasements in a picture. This incorporates de-obscuring of pictures corrupted by the constraints of a sensor or its surroundings, clamor sifting, and redress of geometric bending or non-linearity because of sensors. Picture is reestablished to its unique quality by altering the physical corruption marvel, for example, defocus, straight movement, air debasement and added substance commotion. Fig. 1.11: Weiner Picture RebuildingPicture Reproduction FROM PROJECTIONSPicture reproduction from projections is an uncommon class of picture reclamation issues where a two-(or higher) dimensional article is recreated from a few one-dimensional projections. Every projection is acquired by anticipating a parallel X-beam (or other entering radiation) shaft through the article. Planar projections are subsequently acquired by survey the article from a wide range of points. Remaking calculations determine a picture of a meager pivotal cut of the article, giving an inside perspective generally hopeless without performing broad surgery. Such methods are vital in medicinal imaging (CT scanners), space science, radar imaging, geographical investigation, and nondestructive testBIBLIOGRAPHY G.R. Arce, R.E. Foster, Detail-preserving ranked-order based filters for imageProcessing, IEEE Transaction on Acoustics and Speech Processing 37 (1) (1989)8398. K.T. Atanassov, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in : Theory and Applications. Series inFuzziness and Soft Computing, Phisica-Verlag, 2000. P. Burillo, H. Bustince, Entropy on intuitionistic fuzzy sets and on intervalued,Fuzzy Sets and Systems 78 (1996) 305316. J. Canny, Computational approach to edge detection, IEEE Transaction on PAMI8 (6) (1986) 679698. T. Chaira, A.K. Ray, A new measure on intuitionistic fuzzy set and its applicationto edge detection, Applied Soft Computing 8 (2) (2008) 919927. T. Chaira, A rank ordered filter for image edge detection using intuitionisticfuzzy set, in: Proc. of IEEE, International Conference on Methods and Model inComputer Science, ICM2CS 10, 2010, pp. 1821. T. Chaira, A novel intuitionistic fuzzy c means clustering algorithm and itsapplication to medical images, Applied Soft Computing 11 (2) (2011) 17111717. T. Chen, H. Wu, Adaptive impulse detection using centre-weighted medianfilters, Signal Processing Letters 8 (1) (2001) 13. A. De Luca, S. Termini, A definition of non probabilistic entropy in the settingof fuzzy set theory, Information Control 20 (1972) 301312. Handmandlu, et al., Color image enhancement using fuzzy intensification, PatternRecognition Letters 24 (2003) 8187. S.K. Pal, R.A. King, Image enhancement using smoothing with fuzzy sets, IEEETransaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-11 (7) (1981) 494501. M. Sonka, Image Processing Analysis and Computing Vision, Brooks/Cole, 2001. M. Schneider, M. Craig, On the use of fuzzy sets in histogram equalization, FuzzySets and Systems 45 (1992). H.R. Tizhoosh, M. Fochem, Fuzzy histogram hyperbolization for imageenhancement, in: Proc. of EUFIT 95, vol. 3, Aachen, 1995. I.K. Vlachos, G.D. Sergiadis, Role of entropy in intuitionistic fuzzy contrastenhancement, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Springer 4529 (2007). I.K. Vlachos, G.D. Sergiadis, Intuitionistic fuzzy image processing, in: SoftComputing in Image Processing: Recent Advances, vol. 210 of Studies inFuzziness and Soft Computing, Springer, 2006, pp . 385416. X. Xu, et al., A method based on rank-ordered filter to detect edges in cellularimage, pattern recognition letters 30(6) (2009), 634-640.

Prostate Cancer Essays (486 words) - Urinary System, Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer The prostate is a gland that is located just underneath the bladder. It surrounds the urethra through which a man urinates. The prostate gland is therefore vital to proper bladder control and urine flow-rate. The prostate is also essential for normal sexual function. It is the gland of ejaculation, supplying 95% of the seminal fluid and the power to push it through the urethra and out of the penis. The normal prostate in an adult man is about the size of a walnut. Its size often increases over time, however, particularly once a man gets beyond age 40. Because the urethra runs right through the middle of it, a growth spurt of the prostate will squeeze the urethra and begin to choke off the urinary flow. This can effect the ability to urinate and perform sexually. Symptoms of Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer occurs when some of the cells that make up the prostate gland escape from the normal controls on their growth and start to divide, grow and spread in an uncontolled manner. At first the growth of the cancer occurs very slowly and is usually limited within the prostate gland. Later on in the course of the illness, the prostate gland cells can spread around the body, particulary to the bones where they can paues pain and disability. Estimates show that the cancer may have been growing in some men for up to 10 yearsbefore it causes symptoms and is diagnosed. Some men develop symptoms whereas others do not. In those who that do, the following symptoms are commonly found: Bathroom Troubles: Need to urinate frequently, especially at night Sudden, incontrolable urges to urinate Weak or interrupted urine flow A burning sensation or pain when urinating Blood in urine Continuing pain in lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs Bedroom Troubles: Reduced sexual ability Painful orgasm Impotence Discomfort during intercourse There appears to be several forms of prostate cancer. Some men survive for many years with the disease and never develop symptoms. These men may be oblivious to the fact that they have a slow growing from prostate cancer and may eventually die of other causes. However, other prostate cancers can be more aggressive and can grow quickly. Prevention and Treatment More and more doctors are coming to believe that an enlarged prostate can be treated or deterred by feeding the body the nutrients it lacks. Dr. James Balch, specialist in urology, says: "The pain and discomfert of most prostate disorders could be avoided with proper nutritional adjuncts. Even those suffering from enlarged prostates respond very quickly to nutritional therapies." One way to treat prostate cancer is to have surgery. Johnathon Waxman, a cancer specialist from Hammersmith Hospital, in London, said, that 70% of patients become impontent after surgery, and 40% become incontinent which means that they cannot control their urination. Some other people that have prostate cancer recommend the Swedish approach to treatment, which is "watchful waiting." This approach, as the name would suggest, means keeping a close eye on any signs of the disease progressing, but holding off on extreme treatment, such as drugs, surgery, and chemotherapy.

Test-Optional Colleges Complete List of 500+ Schools

Test-Optional Colleges Complete List of 500+ Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT and ACT scores are common admission requirements for college. But what if I told you that you could get into a great school without taking either of these exams? Behold test-optional colleges. Colleges that are test optional don't require you to submit SAT or ACT scoresbut will consider them if submitted. In this guide, we’ll explain what "test optional" means for different schools before providing you with a comprehensive list of test-optional colleges and universities in the US. The first two lists will cover the best test-optional colleges and universities (i.e., those ranked in the top 100), and the last list will include all other test-optional colleges in the country. Along the way, we'll also give you a few key tips on when you should and should not send your SAT/ACT test scores to schools. What Does "Test Optional" Mean? First things first, what exactly are test-optional colleges? At its most basic definition, test optional means thatyou do not need to submit SAT or ACT scores to be considered for admission to a particular school. So while you may submit test scores if you want, you are not actually required to do so. Colleges that are test optional de-emphasize the importance of the SAT and ACT by making the tests an unnecessary component of the admission process. So ifyou took the SAT or ACT but didn’t score as highly as you'd hoped you would, you can apply to test-optional colleges in order to avoid having to send in any unsatisfactory test scores that could potentially hurt your application. Throughout this article, we refer to a school as being test optional if itdoes not outright require SAT or ACT scores from all undergraduate applicants. That said, not all colleges and universities maintain the same policies in regard to their handling of standardized test scores. Below, we look at some of the ways test optional takes on new meanings at different schools. Test Optional Truly test-optional schools are exactly as they sound: you decide whether you'd like to submit your SAT/ACT test scores or not.In other words, you get to determine how you want to present yourself to schools. For example, if you feel your SAT scores are subpar, you might choose to withholdyour scores and instead opt for strengthening other parts of your application, such as your personal statement and resume. Popular test-optional colleges and universities include Bowdoin College, Pitzer College, Wake Forest University, and Brandeis University. Test Flexible Test-flexible schools are slightly different from regular test-optional colleges. At these schools, you may submitother test scores in place of SAT/ACT scores. Acceptable scores will vary depending on the institution, but you can generally fulfill the SAT/ACT requirement by submitting scores from SAT Subject Tests, AP tests, IB tests, and/or school-administered placement tests. Renowned test-flexible schools include NYU, Middlebury College, Drexel University, and the University of Rochester. Class Rank/GPA Substitution At some schools, you may forego sending in your SAT/ACT scoresonly if you meet your school's minimum required GPA or class rank. If you meet these requirements, you will be automatically admitted. If you do not meet these minimum requirements, however, you must then apply as you normally would and submit your SAT/ACT scores with your application. Specific requirements vary, but you'll typically need at least a ranking in the top 10% or a 3.5 unweighted GPA. Well-known schools offering a class rank/GPA substitution policy include UT Austin, Texas AM, andWashington State University. Test Blind The final type of test-optional college is a test-blind college. With this policy,SAT/ACT test scores arenotconsidered during the admission process, even if you include them in your application. Currently, only one school- Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts- has this policy. Here's whatHampshire's official websitesays in regard to its unique stance on test scores: "Unlike 'test-optional' institutions, we will not consider SAT/ACT scores regardless of the score. Even if it’s a perfect score, it will not weigh into our assessment of an applicant." These are the four main types of test-optional policies you’ll see in schools around the US. Now, let's take a look at which top-tier schools presently have test-optional policies. Best Test-Optional Colleges and Universities Though the vast majority of top-tier schools require SAT/ACT scores, a solid handful of them- from popular liberal arts colleges to well-known research universities- are test optional. Below are two lists: the first showsall top-tier test-optional liberal arts colleges, and the second containsall top-tier test-optional research universities.Note that "top tier" indicates any school ranked in the top 100 spots nationally (according to the 2019best national liberal arts colleges and best national universities lists inUS News). We encourage you to skim the lists to see whether there are any schools that might interest you. Each test-optional colleges list is arranged alphabetically, and you can use the ctrl + F function to look for specific schools. Remember that since schools' test-optional policies can vary significantly, it's a good idea to check with schools directly to learn more about their individual SAT/ACT score policies. The entrance to Pitzer College. (CampusGrotto/Flickr) Best Test-Optional Liberal Arts Colleges In recent years, more and more liberal arts colleges are beginning to place less emphasis on SAT/ACT test scores. As a result, many top-tier liberal arts colleges do not require standardized test scores for admission. Agnes Scott College (GA) Lawrence University (WI) Allegheny College (PA) Lewis and Clark College (OR) Augustana College (IL) Middlebury College (Test Flexible) (VT) Bard College (NY) Mount Holyoke College (MA) Bates College (ME) Muhlenberg College (PA) Beloit College (WI) Ohio Wesleyan University (OH) Bennington College (VT) Pitzer College (CA) Bowdoin College (ME) Saint Mary's College (IN) Bryn Mawr College (PA) Sarah Lawrence College (NY) Colby College (Test Flexible) (ME) Sewanee - University of the South (TN) College of the Atlantic (ME) Skidmore College (NY) College of the Holy Cross (MA) Smith College (MA) Colorado College (Test Flexible) (CO) St. John’s College (MD) Connecticut College (CT) St. John’s College (NM) Cornell College (IA) St. Lawrence University (NY) Denison University (OH) Transylvania University (KY) Dickinson College (PA) Trinity College (CT) Earlham College (IN) Union College (NY) Franklin and Marshall College (PA) University of Puget Sound (WA) Furman University (SC) Ursinus College (PA) Gettysburg College (PA) Wesleyan University (CT) Gustavus Adolphus College (MN) Wheaton College (MA) Hamilton College (Test Flexible) (NY) Whitman College (WA) Hobart and William Smith Colleges (NY) Willamette University (OR) Kalamazoo College (MI) Wofford College (SC) Knox College (IL) Sources: FairTest,The Washington Post Texas Memorial Stadium at UT Austin. (Wes Browning/Flickr) Best Test-Optional Research Universities Although most research universities require SAT/ACT scores, the following top-ranked universities do not require them at all. Five of the schools on this list- Wake Forest, Rochester, Brandeis, NYU, and UChicago- are also ranked among the top 40 universities nationwide! American University (DC) University of Chicago (IL) Brandeis University (MA) University of Delaware (DE) Clark University (MA) University of Rochester (Test Flexible) (NY) George Washington University (DC) University of Texas at Austin (Top 8%) (TX) New York University (Test Flexible) (NY) Wake Forest University (NC) Texas AM University - College Station (Top 10%) (TX) Worcester Polytechnic Institute (MA) Sources:FairTest,The Washington Post Should You Submit Test Scores to Test-Optional Colleges? If you’re applying to one of the best test-optional colleges or universities listed above, you might be wondering whether you should submit your SAT/ACT test scores or not. And the answer to this question depends on a few key factors, which we explain below. Submit Your SAT/ACT Scores If †¦ You got a high SAT/ACT score. If you reached (or surpassed) your goal score and are well above your school’s average, submitting your test scores will definitely give you a leg up in the admission process by further emphasizing your academic potential. Your school recommends submitting them. Even if the SAT/ACT is optional for a school, some schools still strongly suggest sending them in. In these cases, it’s usually best to just listen to your schools and submit your test scores anyway. You didn’t take any SAT Subject Tests, AP tests, or IB tests (or, alternatively, didn’t do well on any of them). Test-flexible schools allow you to submit other test scores in place of SAT/ACT scores. But if you didn’t take any other tests or didn’t do as well as you'd wanted to on them, go ahead and submit your (hopefully better) SAT/ACT scores. Do NOT Submit Your SAT/ACT Scores If †¦ You got a low SAT/ACT score. If you failed to hit your goal score on test day, withholdyour scores and instead focus on strengthening other key parts of your college applications. This way, your SAT/ACT scores won’t end up counting against you during the admission process. Youdid far better on your SAT Subject Tests, AP tests, and/or IB tests than you did on the SAT/ACT. If you’re applying to a test-flexible school and you performed better on your other tests than you did on the SAT/ACT, you'll get a far bigger boost to your application by submitting those scores in place of your SAT/ACT scores. You meet the minimum class rank or GPA requirement for your school. If your school automatically admits students who meet a certain class rank or GPA requirement, there's no point in submitting your SAT/ACT test scores. Doing so shouldn't hinder your application, but it won’t help it either! The University of Arizona in Tucson. (dmitri_66/Flickr) Complete List of Additional Test-Optional Schools Above, we gave you two lists of top-ranked test-optional colleges and universities. But what about other test-optional institutions that aren't ranked in the top 100 nationally? In total, there are more than 900 additional test-optional collegesacross the US. And we're giving you the rest of these in a handy table below! The following list of test-optional colleges is arranged both alphabetically and by state (we have also included the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.) Since this test-optional colleges list is undeniably huge, I recommend using ctrl + F to search for schools by name or state. Before you scroll through the list, it's important to be aware of a couple of key points: Wyoming is the only state that doesn't have any test-optional schools. I've included online test-optional colleges (under "Online") and test-optional colleges that are available in multiple locations (under "Multiple Locations"). Both school types can be found at the end of the table. Alabama Loyola University Maryland University of Rio Grande Birmingham-Southern College McDaniel College Walsh University Columbia Southern University Ner Israel Rabbinical College Wilberforce University Heritage Christian University Notre Dame of Maryland University Wittenberg University Huntsville Bible College Salisbury University Wright State University Miles College University of Maryland University College Oklahoma Oakwood University Washington Adventist University Cameron University Selma University Washington College East Central University Stillman College Massachusetts Family of Faith College Talladega College American International College Langston University Alaska Anna Maria College Mid-America Christian University Alaska Pacific University Assumption College Northeastern State University Charter College Bard College at Simon’s Rock Northwestern Oklahoma State University University of Alaska - Anchorage Bay Path University Oklahoma Panhandle State University University of Alaska - Fairbanks Bay State College Oklahoma State University (Oklahoma City) University of Alaska Southeast Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology Oklahoma State University (Stillwater) Arizona Berklee College of Music Oklahoma Wesleyan University American Indian College of the Assemblies of God Boston Architectural College Southeastern Oklahoma State University Arizona State University Boston Conservatory Southwestern Christian University Art Institute of Phoenix Bridgewater State University Southwestern Oklahoma State University Art Institute of Tucson Cambridge College Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology Bryant University Dean College University of Central Oklahoma Chaparral College Emerson College University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma College of the Humanities and Sciences Emmanuel College Oregon Collins College Endicott College Art Institute of Portland Grand Canyon University Fitchburg State University Eastern Oregon University International Baptist College Framingham State University Mount Angel Seminary Northern Arizona University Hampshire College Multnomah University Prescott College Laboure College New Hope Christian College University of Advancing Technology Lasell College Oregon College of Art Craft University of Arizona Longy School of Music Oregon Institute of Technology Western International University Massachusetts College of Art and Design Oregon State University - Cascades Campus Arkansas Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts Pacific Northwest College of Art Arkansas Baptist College Merrimack College Pioneer Pacific College Arkansas Tech University Montserrat College of Art Portland State University Crowley’s Ridge College New England Conservatory Western Oregon University University of Arkansas - Fort Smith New England Institute of Art and Communication Pennsylvania University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Newbury College Albright College University of Arkansas - Monticello Nichols College Art Institute of Philadelphia University of the Ozarks Northpoint Bible College Art Institute of Pittsburgh California Pine Manor College Cabrini University Academy of Art University Regis College Central Penn College Alliant International University Salem State University Chatham University American Jewish University School of the Museum of Fine Arts Curtis Institute of Music American Musical and Dramatic Academy Stonehill College DeSales University American University of Health Sciences University of Massachusetts - Boston Drexel University (Test Flexible) Art Center College of Design University of Massachusetts - Lowell Duquesne University Art Institute of California Western New England University East Stroudsburg University Azusa Pacific University Wheelock College Eastern University Bergin University of Canine Studies Worcester State University Elizabethtown College Bethesda University of California Michigan Gratz College Beverly Hills Design Institute Art Institute of Michigan Harrisburg University of Science and Technology Brooks Institute Baker College Hussian College California Christian College Ferris State University Immaculata University California College Finlandia University Juniata College California College of the Arts Grace Bible College Keystone College California Institute of the Arts Manthano Christian College King’s College California Maritime Academy Michigan Jewish Institute La Salle University California Miramar University Northwestern Michigan College Lebanon Valley College California National University for Advanced Studies Robert B. Miller College Lycoming College California State Polytechnic University - Pomona Sacred Heart Major Seminary Mercyhurst University California State University - Bakersfield Siena Heights University Millersville University of Pennsylvania California State University - Channel Islands University of Michigan - Flint Moore College of Art Design California State University - Chico Walsh College Peirce College California State University - Dominguez Hills Yeshiva Beth Yehuda-Yeshiva Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts California State University - East Bay Minnesota Pennsylvania College of Art and Design California State University - Fresno Academy College Pennsylvania College of Technology California State University - Los Angeles Art Institutes International Minnesota Pittsburgh Technical College California State University - Monterey Bay Augsburg University Point Park University California State University - Northridge Bemidji State University Restaurant School at Walnut Hill College California State University - Sacramento Bethany Global University Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary California State University - San Bernardino Brown College Saint Joseph’s University California State University - San Marcos Capella University Seton Hill University California State University - Stanislaus Concordia University Susquehanna University California University of Management and Sciences Dunwoody College of Technology Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science Globe University Temple University Cogswell Polytechnical College Metropolitan State University University of the Arts Columbia College Hollywood Minnesota Bible College University of Scranton Design Institute of San Diego Minnesota State University University of Valley Forge Epic Bible College Oak Hills Christian College Walnut Hill College Ex’pression College Southwest Minnesota State University Washington Jefferson College Fashion Institute of Design Merchandising Mississippi Wilson College Golden Gate University Alcorn State University Yeshiva Beth Moshe Grace Mission University Mississippi State University Puerto Rico Horizon University Mississippi University for Women American University of Puerto Rico Hult International Business School Mississippi Valley State University Atlantic University College Humboldt State University Southeastern Baptist College Bayamon Central University Humphreys College University of Mississippi Caribbean University Interior Designers Institute University of Southern Mississippi Columbia Centro Universitario John F. Kennedy University Missouri Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico John Paul the Great Catholic University Baptist Bible College EDP University of Puerto Rico King’s University Columbia College Escuela de Artes Plasticas de Puerto Rico La Sierra University Cox College Inter American University of Puerto Rico Laguna College of Art and Design Evangel University National University College Lincoln University - Oakland Global University Turabo University Los Angeles College of Music Goldfarb School of Nursing Universidad Adventista de las Antillas Marymount California University Harris-Stowe State University Universidad del Este Mills College Lester L. Cox College of Nursing and Health Science Rhode Island Minerva Schools at KGI Lincoln University Bryant University Mount Sierra College Lindenwood University New England Institute of Technology National University Logan University Providence College New School of Architecture Design Maryville University of St. Louis Roger Williams University Northwestern Polytechnic University Missouri Southern State University Salve Regina University Otis College of Art and Design Missouri Western State University South Carolina Pacific States University Park University Allen University Pacific Union College Ranken Technical College Benedict College Patten University Southeast Missouri State University Clinton College Platt College Southwest Baptist University Columbia College San Francisco Art Institute Stevens - The Institute of Business and Arts Morris College San Francisco Conservatory of Music William Jewell College Presbyterian College San Francisco State University (CSU) Montana Voorhees College San Jose State University Montana State University - Billings South Dakota Shasta Bible College Montana State University - Bozeman Black Hills State University Silicon Valley University Montana State University - Northern Dakota State University Sonoma State University Montana Tech of the University of Montana Northern State University Southern California Institute of Technology Salish Kootenai College Oglala Lakota College Southern California Seminary University of Montana - Missoula Presentation College Stanbridge College University of Montana - Western Sinte Gleska University SUM Bible College Theological Seminary Nebraska South Dakota School of Mines and Technology University of Antelope Valley Bellevue University South Dakota State University University of the West Chadron State College University of South Dakota West Coast University Creative Center Tennessee Whittier College Doane University American Baptist College Woodbury University Midland University East Tennessee State University World Mission University Nebraska Wesleyan University King University Yeshiva Ohr Elchonon Chabad/West Coast Talmudical Seminary Peru State College Martin Methodist College Colorado University of Nebraska at Kearney Middle Tennessee State University Art Institute of Colorado University of Nebraska - Lincoln South College Colorado Mountain College University of Nebraska Omaha Welch College Colorado Technical University Wayne State College Texas Denver School of Nursing Nevada Amberton University Metropolitan State College of Denver Art Institute of Las Vegas Angelo State University Naropa University College of Southern Nevada Arlington Baptist College Nazarene Bible College Great Basin College Art Institute of Dallas Platt College Nevada State College Art Institute of Houston Rocky Mountain College of Art Design University of Nevada - Las Vegas Austin College Yeshiva Toras Chaim Talmudical Seminary University of Nevada - Reno Baptist Missionary Ass’n Theological Seminary Connecticut Western Nevada College Baptist University of the Americas Eastern Connecticut State University New Hampshire Brazosport College Fairfield University Colby-Sawyer College College of Biblical Studies Goodwin College Franklin Pierce University Criswell College Holy Apostles College and Seminary Granite State College East Texas Baptist University Lincoln College of New England Keene State University Gemini School of Visual Arts Mitchell College New England College Hallmark University Post University New Hampshire Institute of Art Lamar University Quinnipiac University Northeast Catholic College Messenger College Sacred Heart University Plymouth State University Midwestern State University University of Hartford Rivier University North American University University of Saint Joseph Saint Anselm College Parker University Western Connecticut State University Southern New Hampshire University Paul Quinn College Delaware Thomas More College of Liberal Arts Prairie View AM University Delaware College of Art and Design New Jersey Sam Houston State University Wilmington University Beth Medrash Govoha South Texas College District of Columbia Bloomfield College Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Catholic University of America College of Saint Elizabeth Southwestern Christian College Strayer University Drew University Stephen F. Austin State University Trinity Washington University Eastwick College Sul Ross State University University of the Potomac Montclair State University Tarleton State University Florida Pillar College Texas AM International University Adventist University of Health Sciences Rabbinical College of America Texas AM University - Texarkana Art Institute of Ft. Lauderdale Rider University Texas AM University - Commerce Atlantis University Rowan University Texas AM University - Corpus Christi Beacon College Saint Peter’s University Texas AM University - Galveston Broward College Stockton University Texas AM University - Kingsville Carlos Albizu University Talmudical Academy of New Jersey Texas College Chipola College Thomas Edison State University Texas Southern University City College William Paterson University Texas State University - San Marcos College of Business and Technology New Mexico Texas Tech University College of Central Florida Institute of American Indian Arts Texas Woman’s University Daytona State College Navajo Technical University University of Houston - Clear Lake Eastern Florida State College New Mexico Highlands University University of Houston - Downtown Everglades University Northern New Mexico College University of Houston - Victoria Flagler College Santa Fe University of Art and Design University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Florida Career College Southwest University of Visual Arts University of North Texas Florida Gateway College University of the Southwest University of Texas at Arlington Florida Memorial University Western New Mexico University University of Texas at Dallas (Top 10%) Florida National University New York University of Texas at El Paso Florida SouthWestern State College AMDA College and Conservatory of the Performing Arts University of Texas at San Antonio Florida State College Beis Medrash Heichal Dovid University of Texas at Tyler Full Sail University Berkeley College University of Texas of the Permian Basin Gulf Coast State College Beth HaMedrahs Shaarei Yosher University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Hobe Sound Bible College Beth HaTalmud Rabbinical College Wade College Hodges University Boricua College West Texas AM University Indian River State College Cazenovia College Wiley College Jacksonville University Central Yeshiva Tomchei Tmimim-Lebavitch Utah Jose Maria Vargas University College of New Rochelle - School of New Resources Broadview University Keiser University College of Saint Rose Dixie State University Key College College of Westchester Neumont University Lake-Sumter State College Concordia College Stevens-Henager College Lynn University Daemen College Utah Valley University Miami International University of Art and Design Darkei Noam Rabbinical College Weber State University Miami-Dade College Davis College Western Governors University Miami Regional University Dominican College Vermont Northwest Florida State College Eastman School of Music College of St. Joseph in Vermont Palm Beach State College Elmira College Goddard College Pasco-Hernando State College Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts at The New School Green Mountain College Pensacola State College Excelsior College Landmark College Polk State College Fashion Institute of Technology Marlboro College Ringling College of Art and Design Five Towns College Northern Vermont University - Johnson Rollins College Friends World Program of Long Island University Northern Vermont University - Lyndon Saint Johns River State College Globe Institute of Technology Norwich University Saint Leo University Hartwick College Saint Michael’s College Santa Fe College Helene Fuld College of Nursing Southern Vermont College Schiller International University Hilbert College Sterling College Seminole State College Hofstra University Vermont Technical College South Florida State College Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary Woodbury Institute of Champlain College St. John Vianney College Seminary Houghton College Virgin Islands St. Johns River State College Ithaca College University of the Virgin Islands - St. Croix St. Petersburg College Jamestown Business College University of the Virgin Islands - St. Thomas St. Thomas University Juilliard School Virginia State College of Florida Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary Art Institute of Washington Stetson University Keuka College Bluefield College Talmudic University Le Moyne College Christopher Newport University Trinity Baptist College LIM College College of Health Sciences University of Fort Lauderdale Machzikei Hadath Rabbinical College George Mason University Valencia College Manhattan School of Music Hampton University Warner University Manhattanville College James Madison University Yeshiva Gedolah Rabbinical College Marist College Jefferson College of Health Sciences Georgia Medgar Evers College (CUNY) Marymount University Art Institute of Atlanta Mercy College National Business College Atlanta Metropolitan State College Mesivta of Eastern Pkwy Rabbinical Seminary Old Dominion University Bainbridge State College Mesivta Tifereth Jerusalem of America Radford University Beulah Heights University Mesivta Torah Vodaath Seminary Roanoke College Brenau University Metropolitan College of New York University of Management and Technology Carver College Mirrer Yeshiva University of Mary Washington College of Coastal Georgia Monroe College Virginia Baptist College Darton State College Nazareth College Virginia Commonwealth University East Georgia State College New School College of Performing Arts Virginia State University Georgia Gwinnett College New York City College of Technology (CUNY) Virginia University of Lynchburg Georgia Highlands College New York College of Health Professions Virginia Wesleyan College Luther Rice University Niagara University Washington Perimeter College - Georgia State University Ohr HaMeir Theological Seminary Art Institute of Seattle Point University Ohr Somayach-Tanenbaum Ed. Center Bellevue College South Georgia State College Parsons The New School for Design Central Washington University Thomas University Paul Smith’s College City University Guam Plaza College Columbia Basin College Pacific Islands University Purchase College - SUNY Cornish College of the Arts University of Guam Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Eastern Washington University Hawaii Rabbinical Academy Mesivta Rabbi Chaim Berlin Faith Evangelical College Seminary Pacific Rim Christian University Rabbinical College Beth Shraga Green River College University of Hawaii at Hilo Rabbinical College Bobover Yeshiva Bnci Zion Heritage University University of Hawaii Maui College Rabbinical College Ch’san Sofer Lake Washington Institute of Technology University of Hawai’i – West O’ahu Rabbinical College of Long Island North Seattle College Idaho Rabbinical College of Ohr Shimon Yisroel Northwest College of Art Design Boise State University Rabbinical Seminary Adas Yereim Northwest Indian College College of Idaho Rabbinical Seminary M’kor Chaim Olympic College Idaho State University Rabbinical Seminary of America Pacific Lutheran University Lewis-Clark State University Roberts Wesleyan College Peninsula College Northwest Nazarene University Russell Sage College (The Sage Colleges) Seattle Central College University of Idaho Sage College of Albany (The Sage Colleges) South Seattle College Illinois Shor Yoshuv Rabbinical College Walla Walla University American Academy of Art Siena College Washington State University (Top 10%) Christian Life College St. John’s University Whitworth University Columbia College SUNY College of Technology - Delhi West Virginia DePaul University SUNY Empire State College American Military University East-West University SUNY Potsdam Bluefield State College Ellis University Talmudical Institute of Upstate New York Glenville State College Illinois College Talmudical Seminary Oholei Torah Salem International University Illinois Institute of Art Torah Temimah Talmudical Seminary West Liberty University Kendall College Trocaire College West Virginia University at Parkersburg Lake Forest College United Talmudical Seminary West Virginia University Institute of Technology McKendree University Utica College Wisconsin Midstate College Villa Maria College Carthage College National-Louis University Wagner College College of Menominee Nation Northeastern Illinois University Wells College Marian University Robert Morris University Yeshiva and Kolel Harbotzas Torah Milwaukee Institute of Art Design Shimer College Yeshiva D’Monsey Rabbinical College Northland College St. Augustine College Yeshiva Derech Chaim Ripon College Telshe Yeshiva Yeshiva Gedolah Imrei Yosef D’Spinka Wyoming Tribeca Flashpoint College Yeshiva Karlin Stolin N/A Indiana Yeshiva Mikdash Melech Online Ball State University Yeshiva of Nitra Ambridge University Calumet College of St. Joseph Yeshiva of the Telshe Alumni American Public University System Crossroads Bible College Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah Talmudic American Sentinel University Hanover College Yeshiva Shaarei Torah of Rockland Amridge University International Business College Yeshiva Viznitz Andrew University Manchester University Yeshivas Novominsk Anthem College Martin University Yeshivath Zichron Moshe Ashford University University of Evansville North Carolina Aspen University Vincennes University Apex School of Theology Brandman University Iowa Art Institute of Charlotte California Coast University Divine Word College Barber-Scotia California Intercontinental University Drake University Belmont Abbey College Carrington College Hamilton Technical College Bennett College Dunlap-Stone University Kaplan University Brevard College Florida Tech Maharishi University of Management Carolina Christian College Fremont College Kansas Catawba College Grantham University Donnelly College Charlotte Christian College and Theological Seminary Harrison Middleton University Emporia State University Grace College of Divinity Huntington College of Health Sciences Fort Hays State University Guilford College Independence University Friends University Heritage Bible College INSTE Bible College Haskell Indian Nations University High Point University National Paralegal College Kansas State University Laurel University New Charter University Manhattan Christian College Lees-McRae College New England College of Business MidAmerica Nazarene University Living Arts College Northcentral University Ottawa University New Life Theological Seminary Penn Foster College Pittsburg State University Pfeiffer University Shiloh University University of Kansas Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Southwest University Washburn University Warren Wilson College Trident University International Wichita State University North Dakota United States University Kentucky Bismarck State College University of Atlanta Asbury University Dickinson State University University of the People Beckfield College Mayville State University Walden University Clear Creek Baptist Bible College Minot State University Wellington Shaw Christian University Lindsey Wilson College Turtle Mountain Community College Multiple Locations Sullivan University United Tribes Technical College American InterContinental University University of Pikeville Valley City State University American National University Louisiana Ohio Argosy University Grambling State University Antioch University - Midwest Brown Mackie College Louisiana State University Baldwin-Wallace University Bryant Stratton College Louisiana State University - Alexandria Cincinnati College of Mortuary Science Chamberlain College of Nursing McNeese State University Cleveland Institute of Music College America New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Columbus College of Art Design Culinary Institute of America Nicholls State University Franklin University Davenport University Northwestern State University God’s Bible School and College DeVry University Southeastern Louisiana University Hiram College Dine College Southern University – New Orleans Lake Erie College ECPI University Southern University AM College Mercy College of Ohio Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University St. Joseph Seminary College North Coast College Everest University University of Holy Cross Ohio Dominican University Galen College of Nursing University of Louisiana at Lafayette Ohio Mid-Western College Grace School of Theology University of Louisiana at Monroe Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute (Ohio State ATI) Herzing University University of New Orleans Ohio State University at Lima International Academy of Design and Technology Maine Ohio State University at Mansfield Johnson Wales University Maine College of Art Ohio State University at Marion Miller-Motte College Saint Joseph’s College Ohio State University at Newark National American University Thomas College Ohio University - Lancaster Campus National College Unity College Ohio University - Chillicothe Campus Rasmussen College University of Maine at Augusta Ohio University - Eastern Campus Remington College University of Maine at Farmington Ohio University - Southern Campus at Ironton Sanford-Brown College University of Maine at Fort Kent Ohio University - Zaneville Campus South University University of Maine at Machias Rabbinical College of Telshe Southern Technical College University of Maine at Presque Isle Shawnee State University Stratford University University of New England Tiffin University Touro University Worldwide Maryland Tri-State Bible College Union Institute University Goucher College University of Cincinnati Blue Ash College University of Phoenix Hood College University of Northwestern Ohio Virginia College Sources:FairTest,The Washington Post What’s Next? Which colleges don't require the SAT Essay? Which colleges require ACT Writing? Read our in-depth guides to learn which schools require the essay, which ones recommend it, and which ones don't care either way. Not a big fan of application fees?Me neither.That's why we've compiled a handy list of colleges that don't require application fees. Debating whether to take the SAT or ACT? Read our extensive ACT vs SAT guideto learn about the differences between the two tests and to get tips on choosing the right one for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

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Influence of interest groups on president Obamas administration Research Paper

Influence of interest groups on president Obamas administration - Research Paper Example Center for American Progress recommends the government to develop guided pathways to success that will help the higher education system to develop a formidable and attainable success path that will lead students to successful careers (Klein, 2014). The established success pathway will allow the federal government to resolve the longstanding problem that has befallen the American postsecondary education system thereby enabling a clear success path that will enable students to identify their potential and eventually their suitable careers to venture. Under the recommendations made by the center for American progress, students ought to begin in a limited number of meta- majors, which entails a set of courses that the student should complete in order to meet academic requirements across a range of programs and disciplines. The move will assist students to complete a specific major while following a highly structured degree plan. The proposed recommendation from the Center for American pr ogress addresses the tightly structured programs that student undertake within the semester thereby imposing flexibility to the students , which helps the students to access a wide range of courses offered during the semester with ease and under their discretion. The recommendation from the lobby group offers room to the effective use of technology that will enable trainers to pin point reluctant students who do not complete their assignments or attend lecture classes thereby allowing the trainers to intervene before the situation gets out of control.

Inflation targeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Inflation targeting - Essay Example 2% in the U.K. nd 2.5% in Nrwy. (Mishkin, Eakins, 2006) The difference between these frms des nt seem t mtter in prctice: centrl bnk with trget rnge seems t im fr the middle f the rnge, nd the edges f the rnge re nrmlly interpreted s "sft edges," in the sense tht they d nt trigger discrete plicy chnges nd being just utside the rnge is nt cnsidered much different frm being just inside. The relation between inflation targets and central bank preferences has been thoroughly investigated. On one hand, there is a theoretical literature of Walsh (1995), Svensson (1997) that concludes that inflation targets can be used as a way of overcoming credibility problems because they can mimic optimal performance incentive contracts. On the other hand, there is an empirical literature (Bernanke et al. 1999), that looks whether inflation targets have been instrumental in reducing the policy-implied short-term trend rate of inflation. Broadly speaking, the evidence is that inflation targets have indeed brought about a change in policymaker's inflation preferences. Unlike the relation between inflation targets and central bank preferences, a relatively underexplored issue is how to translate inflation targets into short-term interest rates. This is the issue of how to map explicit "targets" for monetary policy into monetary policy instruments, or how to implement an inflation-targeting framework. An exception is an important contribution by Svensson (1997). Svensson shows that because of lags in the transmission process of short-term interest rates to inflation, inflation targeting implies inflation forecast targeting. In his analysis, the central bank's forecast becomes an explicit intermediate target and its optimal reaction function has the same form as the Taylor rule (1999). Bullard and Schaling (2001) augment the Svensson model with regime switching in productivity and calculate the optimal monetary policy rule in the altered environment. They find that a rule that incorporates leading indicators about regimes significantly outperforms th e Taylor rule. They use this result to comment on the new economy events of the 1990s and the

Why Is Strategy Important to Business Essay Example for Free

Why Is Strategy Important to Business Essay The question of why strategy is important to business is compelling to say the least. There are a number of reasons why strategy can and often does determine the success, growth or failure of a business. Without a strategy the business is responding to internal and external circumstances or demands without the advantage of a plan in place to address them. This sometimes leads to wrong decisions or weak decisions and the business loses the opportunity to turn the circumstance into an optimal resolution that results in profits and better business. Strategy tells where you are, where you want to go, and how you are going to get there. It defines the overall direction for the business based on opportunity and threats in the external environment and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the business internally. Strategy provides the big picture and shows how each individual activity ties together to achieve a desired end result. Strategy gives insight as to the way the business should compete in the future. External environmental changes can be customer and/or competitor based, as well as political, economic, social, technological, environmental or legislative. The more the external environment changes the more opportunities there may be for a well prepared company and the more threats to the unprepared. The actions and intentions of competitors change in a stable environment, and if the company is reviewing the market and what is happening they can prepare for any real or potential competitive maneuvers and find new insights into how to create continued value for customers. (Simister, 2007) Strategy is important as a source of long term profits. As business competes for a fair share in the , with competitors over customers, uncertainty becomes a constantly revolving battlefield for better ways of doing business. A Chinese general and military strategist Sun Tzu said it best It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles; if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you will win one and lose one; if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle. â€Å"Strategy is how you get to know your enemies, yourself and the terrain on which you will fight.† And finally this great strategist says what fits here best â€Å"Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat. (Brainy Quotes, n. d.) Other reasons for business strategy are changes in customer needs and wants, sudden poor business performance, and lack of growth or stability in the business. We have laid out the importance of strategy, now the components are what will make the plan a success or not. Before we can make a plan, the goals and mission statement of the business must be defined. Without a clear mission and goals you will not know who, what, when, where, and how of your business. The alternative is like feeling the way in the dark. I once read a book entitled â€Å"If you do not know where you are going, you may it up somewhere else†. This would be the reason for charting the course with purpose and destination in mind. Once we know what the goal is and defined our mission, then we look at the internal strengths and weaknesses within the business. This will help identify what strategies to build the strengths of the business and correct the weaknesses of the business to take advantage of external opportunities. Then we must look at the political, economic, social and technological as they are strategic drivers because of how they can influence outcome. This leads us to the critical issues directly and indirectly impacting the business. With all of this done, now we combine this information to create the SWOT that will generate a picture of both external and internal conditions present and future, good and bad that will give us realistic and attainable goals. The SWOT will allow us to make short term plans and long term goals and put in place the tactical initiatives necessary to achieve the defined mission goals with a timeline, necessary resources, and where each initiative fits and in what priority. These steps will make the success of strategic planning successful.

The Hong Kong Chinese Community :: essays research papers

The Hong Kong Chinese Community The Hong Kong Chinese community is an affluent, educated, and swelling population in the Greater Toronto Area. The enigma is why they have only made marginal inroads into the political arena. Olivia Chow, a Metro councilor representing the Downtown ward says "this community has potential to be very powerful...it's nowhere near its potential." Chow is the highest-profile Hong Kong expatriate to win elected office in the GTA. Others include Tam Goosen, Soo Wong, Carrie Cheng, and Peter Lam. Many are convinced that the reason is because Hong Kong "is a colonial place where they had no say in government whatsoever." "In Hong Kong, there's never been any democratic procedure until a few years ago." "Chinese culture through thousands of years has never had an elected-representative type of Western democracy system. So it's not a surprise...(Hong Kong) is not a place where people exercise their democratic rights." There is a very common belief that you should not offend or challenge authority. People have lost a lot of confidence in politicians because of poor examples provided by ongoing tensions between Communist China and nationalist Taiwan. "We have to educate them and tell them politics in North America and Canada is very different from what they saw of politics in Hong Kong and China." Dr. Joseph Wong, whose community activism has earned him the Order of Canada, thinks that despite changes in Chinese attitudes, fear is still an obstacle towards political evolution. People are not afraid to demand for equal rights but the so-called mainstream politics and elected office is still baffling to the Chinese. The Chinese community's history in Canada also plays a major role in its reluctance to venture into politics. Following the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the federal government imposed a heavy head tax on new Chinese immigrants. Only from the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Trudeau government liberalization of immigration that Chinese people came to Canada from Hong Kong. In 1979 , he organized a demonstration to urge the federal government to admit more "boat people" - community members were appalled. "Don't rock the boat" was exactly what they said. They said that Canada had given them a shelter and they should not demand any rights. Later that year, W5 - a CTV public affairs program - aired a segment called Campus Giveaway, which was about Chinese students taking over Canadian universities and leaving Canadian students out in the cold. Within 2 to 3 months, there were 16 anti-W5 committees. The protest eventually forced W5 to offer an unqualified apology. Those 16 groups went on to form the Chinese

Computer Security Incident Response Team Essay

In the last decade, more and more companies have started to look into e-commerce to connect them to the infinite world of global suppliers, partners, consumers and much more. This boom in technology has placed multiple assets are risk from a security stand point allowing hackers/crakers and anyone on the internet to gain access to these network and gain information or try to jeopardize business to a point where it stand stills. Increase in Denial of service attacks, child pornography, virus/worms and other tools used by individuals to destroy data has lead to law enforcement and media to look into why and how these security breaches are conducted and what new statutory laws are needed to stop this from happening. According to CSI computer crime and security Survey 2007, the average annual loss reported by security breach has shot up to $350,424 from 168,000 the previous year. To add to this, more and more organizations are reporting computer intrusions to law enforcement which inclined to 29 percent compared to 25 percent the year before. 1] To be successful in respond to an incident, there are a few things that need to be followed: 1. Minimize the number of severity of security incidents. 2. Assemble the core computer security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). 3. Define an incident response plan. 4. Contain the damage and minimize risk. [3] How to minimize the number of severity and security incidents: It is impossible to prevent all security related incidents, but there are things that can be done to minimize the impact of such incidents: †¢Establishing and enforcing security policies and procedures. Gaining support from Management in both enforcing security policies and handling incidents. Accessing vulnerabilities on the environment on regular basis including regular audits. †¢Checking all devices on certain time frames to make sure that all the updates were performed. †¢Establishing security policies for both end users and security personal and asking for security clearance each and every time an access is granted. †¢Posting banners and reminders for responsibilities and restriction of use of applications, and other systems on the network. †¢Implementing secure password polices thought the network. Checking log files on regular basics and monitoring traffic. †¢Verifying backups are done on regular basics and maintained in an appropriate manner. This would also include the new email backup policy laws. †¢Create Computer Security Response Team (CSIRT) [3] Security threat is the same for both large, small, and government organizations and therefore it is important that regardless of what the company has for its security measures, it also ha s a written document that establishes guidelines for incident response. Incident respond planning is a set of guidelines that document on security incident handling and communication efforts. This plan is activated when an incident that could impact the company’s ability to function is established. Computer Security Incident Response Plan (CSIRP) should contain the following: 1. Mission: Things the response team will be responsible for, including how to handle incidents as they happen and what steps are necessary to minimize the impact of such incidents. 2. Scope: this would define, who is responsible for which area of security, it can include things like application, network(s), employees, communication both internally and to the public and much more. . Information flow: How information will be handled in case of an emergency and how it will be reported to the appropriate authority, pubic, media and internal employees. 4. Services provided: This document should contain all the services that are either provided to the users or services that are used or bought from other vendors including testing, education, service provider issues to name a few. [2] The CSIRT team must contain several members including a Team leader which will monitor changes in individual’s actives and responsibility of reviewing actions. An Incident Lead, that will be dedicated as the owner of set of incidents and will be responsible for speaking to anyone outside the team while and corresponding changes and updates. A group of individual’s part of the CISRT team called members will be responsible to handle responsibility of the incident and will monitor different areas of the company. Other members of this team should include Legal help, public relations officers, contractors and other member of management both from business and IT that can help during security breaches. If an Incident has occurred, it is important to classify this as an incident severity. Most companies use between Severity 1-5. 1 being the highest and 5 being the research phase where no system or user’s are affected. For most system anything under Severity 3 is not a major impact of the system but if there is a system wide issue that requires immediate attention, a severity 1 or 2 would fall under the category of Incident response procedure and set up a high alert. The cost of an incident can be very high, depending on the loss of data, therefore identifying the risk and all the real threat fall under this category. Once the incident has been identified it should go into the assessment phase, where it should be determined if the system can be bought back up again and how much damage is done. If the business is impacted assessment should be done. The assessment includes forensic investigation usually involving a team of expert that look into the how many computer were affected, what kind of information was stolen or changed, entry level of attacks, potential damage done by incident, recovery process and the best way to assess this from happening again. The next phase of this is containment, which is the assessment of damage and isolation of other systems that can also be compromised including network. Backup of the system in the current state should be done at this time for further forensic investigation. Analyzing of log files and uncovering systems that were used like firewalls, routers should be identified. Any modification of files including dos, exe should also be carried out in this phase. Once all this is done, the next step is Recovery. Recovery is restoring clean data back the system so it can perform is function as required. After installing last good backup, it is important to test the system before putting this in production again. Further surveillance of network and application should be set in place as intruders might try this again. Every company today, weather small or big needs an incident response unity to defend itself against predators on the web. The government agencies has set some rules and regulations on such standards and are required that company follow these standards to avoid further disruption of the service. This becomes even more critical for companies that play important place in the economy like credit card, health, insurance and much more. Several regional companies today can help plan CSIRP plan that provide help creating a team of individuals that can act fast in such situations. The implementation of such plan cost less in the long run, when compared to companies that don’t have such response plan and loose data that is critical to their survival.